1804: Napoleon is crowned emperor in Notre Dame. The First Empire (1804-1815) sees the creation of the cemeteries of Montparnasse, Montmartre and Père Lachaise. The construction of the Louvre continues, the first stone is laid of the Arch of Triumph and the Vendôme column is raised.
1821 - 1825: Completion of the canals of Ourcq, Saint Denis and Saint Martin. Gas lighting of public streets appears. Louis XVIII died in 1824.
1830: The July Revolution brings down Charles X.
1836: Under Louis-Philippe, the works on the Arch of Triumph are completed and the Obelisk, brought from Louxor at the time of the Napoleonic campaigns in Egypt, is erected in the middle of the Place de la Concorde.
1844: The Place de la Concorde is given the first electrical lighting.
1848: The Revolution concludes with the proclamation of the Third Republic.
1852 - 1870: The Second Empire transforms the capital. The prefect Haussmann modernises it with gigantic sanitation works: he cuts wide arteries ended with large buildings, develops the sewer sytem, has new train stations built as well as hospitals, and creates the great parks: the Bois de Boulogne, the Bois de Vincennes, Buttes-Chaumont, the Parc Montsouris. The Louvre is completed and Charles Garnier begins construction of the Opera. Paris is divided into twenty “arrondissements”.
